The “Make in India” campaign aims to make India the manufacturing hub of the world, challenging China’s dominant position in the world of manufacturing. Modi has linked this to creation of employment to encash the demographic dividend. In simple terms, companies will come to India to manufacture products instead of just marketing them here. This will create jobs for people, fuelling economic growth. This is where the campaign seems to be out of sync with the employment realities of India. It is not for the first time the government is focusing on the manufacturing sector to boost economic growth and generate employment opportunities. India’s dominant employer—the agriculture sector—is no longer able to absorb the increase in labour force. The recent increase in non-farm employment is mostly due to the rise of the service sector. But as both the sectors are now staring at stagnation, manufacturing has to be the next big employer. Experiences of developed countries show that this is the trajectory they have followed.