As disciplines develop their own coherent body of knowledge, their focus flows towards the areas which are hitherto not given sufficient attention. Environment as a reality is vital for all disciplines which are concerned with the particular layer of reality. But what constitutes immediate environment for each layer of reality studied by particular science differs. If society or group is the immediate environment for individuals, natural environment is whereas the immediate and close environment surrounding society. Such surrounding environments play an important role in the constitution and functioning of the dependent units. This essay is an attempt to understand how far the factor of environment and ecology was reflected in sociological literature. This paper is divided into three sections. In first section strains of environment sociology is explored; in second section, emergence of environmental sociology and its critical views on environment-society relations are examined. Last section deals with the critical issues and consequences of modernity on society in the framework of Risk. This paper finds that focus and perspective of the discipline changes when shifts in socio-economic ideologies take place such as doctrines of ‘laisser-faire’ and ‘Meliorism’ which has corresponding influence on the ontological debates such as nature versus nurture. We are living in the age of risk at present which is manufactured and the nature is not any more nature.