International Research Journal of Commerce , Arts and Science

 ( Online- ISSN 2319 - 9202 )     New DOI : 10.32804/CASIRJ

Impact Factor* - 6.2311


**Need Help in Content editing, Data Analysis.

Research Gateway

Adv For Editing Content

   No of Download : 36    Submit Your Rating     Cite This   Download        Certificate

AGRARIAN POLICY OF BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY IN THE PUNJAB IN THE LATER HALF OF 19TH CENTURY

    1 Author(s):  DR. VIKRAM SINGH

Vol -  7, Issue- 9 ,         Page(s) : 37 - 42  (2016 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/CASIRJ

Abstract

The paper focuses on the “Agrarian Policy of British East India Company In The Punjab in the later half of the 19th Century”dwelling on the sub themes of the Punjab Agri-Horticultural Society, Land Revenue Policy, Canal Policy and Punjab Land Alienation Act. The Punjab was annexed by the Governor General of India, Lord Dalhousie’s Proclamation of March 1849 and a new Era in the history of Punjab began with it. It was annexed because the Punjab was a frontier region, which had faced the invaders who entered the central India from the time of Alexander the Great. The loyalty and prosperity of the province were also important for the British. The Sikh reign ended and the British Government was enabled to reconstruct the administrative machinery in the province, which had been degraded since the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

1. B. J. Hasrat,  Anglo  Sikh  Relations  1799-1849,  Hoshiarpur,  1968,  p.2; also see  B. J.   Hasrat,  The  Punjab  Papers,  Hoshiarpur,  1970,  pp. 121-40.
2. Dolores  Domin,  “Some  aspects  of  British  land  policy  in  Punjab  after  its  annexation  in  1849”  in  Punjab  Past  and  Present,  Apri1, 1974,  p.17.  The  Punjab  was  the  first  province  of  British  India  in  which  the  non-regulation system  was  practiced.  It  aimed  at  to  providing  a  cheap  and  administrative  machinery  “to  quicken  the  economic  and  social  development  in  order  to  render  it into  a  paying  province.”  Besides, it  secured  for  the  Governor-General  a  personal  control  over  the  provincial  government  and  was  based  on  a  “closely  centralized  administrative  hierarchy”. 
3. Foreign  Department  Secret  Consultation,  28 April,  1849,  Nos.  18-29.
4. S. S.  Thorburn,  The  Punjab  in  Peace  and  War,  London,  1904,  p.180.
5. Arnold,  Edvin,  Marquis  of  Dalhousie  Administration  of  British  India, (London, 1865),  p.228. 
6. Richard  Burn,  (ed),  Cambridge  History  of  India,  (Delhi, 1957),  pp.  556-57.
7. Resolution  in  the  Home  Deptt.,  February  9, 1858  para 5.
8. Foreign  Department  Secret  Consultation,  28  April,  1849,  Nos.  73-75.
9. General Report on the Administration of the Punjab Territories for the year 1854-55 to 1855-56, p.104.
10. I. J.  Kerr,  The  Agri-Horticultural  Society  of  the  Punjab,  1851-1871,  The  Punjab Past  and  Present,  Punjabi  University,  Patiala,  1976,  pp. 252-56.
11. Foreign  Department  Political  Consultation,  14 November,  1856,  pp.  230-32.  Also  see  Khushwant  Singh;  A  History  of  the  Sikhs;  Oxford  University  Press,  Delhi,  1977, Vol.  II, p.91.
12. M. L.  Darling,  The  Punjab  Peasant  in  Prosperity  and  Debt,  Delhi, 1977, pp.151-52.
13. Himadri  Banerjee,  Agrarian  Society  of  the  Punjab,  1849-1901,  Manohar,  New Delhi,  1982, 9-10.
14. Mahender  Singh,  Imperialism  in  Action:  Colonial  Land  Revenue  Policy  and  the South-East  Punjab  of  British India  in  International  Journal  of  Advanced  Research in Management  and  Social  Sciences,  Greenfield  Advanced  Research  Publishing House,  UK., Dec.  2012,  pp. 30-50. 
15. Naggal,  96.
16. Karnal  Revenue  Rates,  1869, 69. 
17. Punjab  Land  Revenue  Administration  Reports,  1877-78,  I.  
18. Mahender  Singh,  Imperialism  in  Action:  Colonial  Land  Revenue  Policy  and  the South-East  Punjab  of  British  India  in  International  Journal  of  Advanced  Research in  Management  and  Social  Sciences,  Greenfield  Advanced  Research  Publishing House,  UK,  Dec. 2012,  pp. 30-50. 
19. Mahender  Singh,  Agriculture  in  the  South-East  Punjab,  1858-1947,  M.Phil. Dissertation,  2002, 25. 
20. Mridula  Mukherjee,  Colonializing  Agriculture, The  Myth  of  Punjab  Exceptionalism, Sage,  New  Delhi,  2005  Page. 13. 
21. Sukhdev  Singh  Sohal,  British  Policy  and  Money-lenders,  124  and  for  some  detail see  K. C.  Yadav,  Haryana  Ithas  Evam  Sanskriti, pp.  315-18. 
22. Himadri  Banerjee,  Agrarian  Society  of  the  Punjab,  1849-1901,  Manohar,  New Delhi,  1982,  pp. 20-21. 
23. Imran  Ali,  Punjab  under  Imperialism, pp. 8, 9, 14. 
24. Imran  Ali,  Punjab  under  Imperialism,  1885-1947,  OUP,  New Delhi,  1989, Page.18.  Also  see  The  Land  Alienation  Act  1900,  The  draft.   
25. For  an  elaboration  of  this  see,  Talbot,  Punjab  and  the  Raj.  JPS: 14:1 10 
26. Royal  Commission  on  Agriculture,  Minutes  of  Evidence,  I  (Evidence  by  the  officers of Government  of  India).  National  Archives  of  India,  Here  after  cited  as  N.A.I.
27. Khushwant  Singh;  A  History  of  the  Sikhs;  Oxford  University  Press,  Delhi,  1977, Vol.  II, p.115.
28. M. L.  Darling,  The  Punjab  Peasant  in  Prosperity  and  Debt,  Bombay,  1947,  pp. 29-30.

*Contents are provided by Authors of articles. Please contact us if you having any query.






Bank Details