International Research Journal of Commerce , Arts and Science

 ( Online- ISSN 2319 - 9202 )     New DOI : 10.32804/CASIRJ

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WOMEN AS DAUGHTER IN ANCIENT NORTH INDIAN SOCIETY

    1 Author(s):  DR KAPOOR SINGH

Vol -  5, Issue- 12 ,         Page(s) : 245 - 247  (2014 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/CASIRJ

Abstract

In ancient times in all patriarchal societies the birth of a girl was generally an unwelcome event. Almost everywhere the son was valued more than the daughter. A son was preferred to a daughter because he always remained with his parents, continued the family-line, offered oblations to the ancestors, and above all was a support to his parents in their old age and helplessness. On the other hand, in case of daughter, substantial amount of money had to spend on the occasion of her marriage and the family has to face separation from the daughter after her marriage. Moreover, due to the change in her gotra after the marriage, the daughter ceased to be any direct spiritual benefit to her ancestor or parents. In the later period the ‘Upanayana’ of girls was generally not performed at all. Hence the commentators could not even image that this samskara was even meant for the girls. We have got the existence of educated girls. The heroines included Sakuntala, Rajyasri, Kadambari, Mahasveta etc. of the Sanskrit poems and dramas which mostly deal with the life in royal and aristocratic families were quite grown-up at the time of marriage and education. A Hindu woman, whether a daughter, a wife or a widow has never been denied the use of her property. In Manu Smriti one can see that right to hold property had been respected. Law-givers like Yajnavalkya, Katyayana and Narada further promoted the concept of daughter’s right to property.

  1.    R. M. Das, Women in Manu and his Seven Commentators, p. 45.
  2.    Kathasaritsagar, 28, 6.
  3.    Medhatithi on Manu, IV, p. 185.
  4.    Kulluka on Manu, III, p. 57-58.
  5.    A. S. Altekar, Position of Women in Hindu Civilization, p. 8.
  6.    Kathasaritsagar, 28, 27.
  7.    Visnu Smriti, 99, 4.
  8.    Medhatithi on Manu, IV, p. 185.
  9.    Ibid., IV, p.180.
  10.   Kulluka on Manu, III, p. 57-58.
  11.   Prithvirajraso, Samaymatrika, VII.
  12.   Manu Smriti, 11.76-77.
  13.   Ibid, 1.114.
  14.   Debal Smriti, p. 755.
  15.   Smriti Chandrika, pp. 656-58.

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