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PARDONING POWER UNDER THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

    1 Author(s):  RAJINDER VERMA

Vol -  2, Issue- 1 ,         Page(s) : 202 - 215  (2011 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/CASIRJ

Abstract

The institution of family in primitive societies empowered the head of the family to punish any family member for violation of norms of family and simultaneously grant pardon for such acts. The husband may pardon his wife and the king his slaves. With the advance of time, institution of kingship came into vogue to settle disputes. The Gods of ancient civilizations were believed to possess the power to issue clemency or pardon that was dispensed by the King or state leader with his ‘sabha’ and ‘samiti’. It further gave way to institution of State having with its manifold duties, task of criminal justice administration as well. The modern penal system can be said to be the outcome of blending of various ancient system of justice administration

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  See R.C.Majumdar, History and Culture of Indian People - Vedic Age, Bharatiya Vidya Bhawan, (Bombay), PP.355-357 (1965).
  See 59 American Jurisprudence 2 d, P. 5.
  In re:  Associated Press/Office of the Governor, February 9, 2001, 01-ORD-29.
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  Soli J. Sorabjee, “Before we tender clemency”, The Indian Express, Oct 6, (2006).
  Supra H.M.Seervai , P.2095.
  Subroto Roy , “Justice & Afzal”, The Sunday Statesman, Oct 14, (2006).
  Chief Justice Rehnquist in Herrera vs.  Collins, 506 U.S. 390 (1993).
  Neville Trendle, “Reviewing the Miscarriages of Justice: The Pardon Reincarnated”, sourced from www.isrcl.org/Conference_Papers.htm.
  Ibid.
  Michael Keith Allen, “Pardon You? Pardon Me. Controversial Usage of the Presidential Pardoning Power: From Carter to Clinton”, August 2003 sourced from etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0529103-114036/unrestricted/AllenM070203a.pdf
  Ibid
  James Pfiffner, “The President's Broad Power to Pardon and Commute”, The Heritage Foundation.
  P.S. Ruckman, Jr. , “Executive Clemency in the United States: Origins, Development and Analysis (1900-1993) , sourced from www.rvc.cc.il.us/faclink/pruckman/pardoncharts/Paper4.pdf
  Ibid.
  (1926) 274 US 480-486, 71 l.ED 1161 at1163.
  69 L. Ed. 527.
   Criminal Records Act, 1970; Section 3(1).
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2000 – 02”, Public Works and Government Services Canada sourced from ww2.ps-sp.gc.ca/publications/corrections/200002_e.asp.
  The Constitution of Pakistan, 1973; Article 45.
  The Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 1990; Art 122.
  The Constitution of South Africa , 1996; Article 84 (2)(j).
  The Nigerian Constitution, 1999 ; Section 171(1)
   Ibid; Section 171(2).
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  The Government of India Act, 1935; Section 295(1).
  Ibid;  Proviso to Section 295(1).
  Ibid; Section 295(2).
  Subhash C Kashyap, The Framing of India’s Constitution, (New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.), P. 371 (2004).
  Summary Report, “The Death Penalty in India: A Lethal Lottery -A Study of Supreme Court judgments in death penalty cases 1950-2006” sourced from ww.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA20/006/2008/en/67dcf089-15fb-11dd-8586-f5a00c540031/asa200062008eng.html.
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  Ibid; Art 72(2)
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  Ibid; Art 161.
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  AIR 1960 AP 259
  AIR 1983 SC
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  Supra Janak Raj Jai .
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   Ken Gormley, “Statement before the Senate Judiciary Committee concerning Possible Constitutional Amendments To the President”s Pardon Power” , Feb 14 (2001).
  Supra P.S. Ruckman, Jr.
  The New York Times, Nov 26, 1858.
  35th Report of 4th Law Commission , Para 1017 (1967).
  Supra Summary Report.
  N.V.Paranjape, Criminology and Penology, Central Law Publications, (Allahabad , 12th edi.), P.415 (2006).
   (1992) 3 NZLR 672.
  Supra Soli J. Sorabjee.
  Margaret Colgate Love. “Reinventing the President’s Pardon Power”, American Constitution Society, Oct 2007.
  P.H. Vaishnav, “Death penalty: Defining the power of pardon”, The Tribune, Sep 19, (2004).
  Supra  American Jurisprudence.
  Ed Brayton, “Discretionary Pardoning Power” , Siris , 2 July , 2007.

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