|
CULTURAL AND POLITICAL-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF CONFLICT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CASE STUDY OF NEPAL AND PAKISTAN
1
Author(s):
PRAMOD KUMAR
Vol - 6, Issue- 3 ,
Page(s) : 193 - 203
(2015 )
DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/CASIRJ
Abstract
Conflict in today’s world especially those due to the identity crisis of groups within the boundaries of a nation is an issue which keeps on surging in one or the other part of the globe, sometimes having historical roots which reignite themselves owing to the cultural or sometimes political, economic factors or a combination of both, having the reasons in the policies of the state and the norms set by the society owing partially to the nature of state socio-politico-economic policies which creep on to become the societal mandate for the specific groups and also to the cultural climate set in the state over a period of time. There are myriad groups and nationalities within the nation-states for whom the clarion call for the separation, autonomy, and secession runs every time when they feel haunted by the societal and state machinery but actually it’s a process of continuous cumulative build-over which becomes part of the identity politics scenario.
- Le Baron, Michelle and Bruce, Grundison (1993), “Conflict and Culture: Research in Five Communities in British Columbia, Canada”. Victoria, British Columbia: University of Victoria Institute for Dispute Resolution
- Kellas, G. James (991), “The Politics of Nationalism and Ethnicity”, London: Macmillan.
- Rule, B. James(1992), “Tribalism and the State,” Dissent
- Ibid.
- Posen, P. Barry(1993), “The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict,” in Ethnic Conflict and International Security, ed. Michael E. Brown ,Princeton: Princeton University Press
- Crawford, Beverly and Lipschutz, D. Ronnie, The Myth of “Ethnic Conflict”: Politics, Economics, and “Cultural” Violence, GAIA Research Series, Global, Area, and International Archive, UC Berkeley
- Collinson, S. et al.( 2003) Power, livelihoods and conflict: case studies in political economy analysis for humanitarian action, HPG Report 13
- Le Billon, P. et al. (2000) The Political Economy of War: What Relief Agencies Need To Know. Network Paper 33. London:ODI.
- Keen, D. (1998) The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars, Adelphi Paper 320. London: IISS.
- Collinson, S. et al.( 2003) Power, livelihoods and conflict: case studies in political economy analysis for humanitarian action, HPG Report 13
- Collier,P. and A. Hoeffler,(2000), “Greed and Grievance in Civil War” ,Policy Research Paper no. 2355, Washington, D.C.: The World Bank
- Collinson, S. et al.( 2003) Power, livelihoods and conflict: case studies in political economy analysis for humanitarian action, HPG Report 13
- Duffield, M. (1994) ‘The Political Economy of Internal War: Asset Transfer, Complex Emergencies and
- International Aid’, in J. Macrae and A. Zwi (eds) War and Hunger: Rethinking International Responses to Complex Emergencies. London: Zed Books.
- Keen, D. (1998) The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars, Adelphi Paper 320. London: IISS.
- Ibid
- Cliffe, L. and R, Luckham (2000) ‘What Happens to the State in Conflict? Political Analysis as a Tool for Planning Humanitarian Assistance’, Disasters, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 291–313.
- See Cohen’s Idea of Pakistan and Farzana Shaikh, Making Sense of Pakistan (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2009).
- Alyssa Ayres, Speaking Like a State: Language and Nationalism in Pakistan (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
- Cohen, P. Stephen (2011), ‘The Future of Pakistan’, The Brookings Institution ,Washington, D.C.
- Bengali, K. (1996) ‘Defining Mohajir Grievances’. Dawn. 13-2-1996.
- Jaffar, I. (1992) 'Isolation of Mohajirs'. Dawn. 3-10-1992.
- ICG Report(July, 2007), “Nepal’s Troubled Tarai Region”
- Goit, Jai Krishna(2007),“History of Terai in Nepal”, at madhesi.wordpress.com
- ICG Report(July, 2007), “Nepal’s Troubled Tarai Region”
- ICG Report(July, 2007), “Nepal’s Troubled Tarai Region”
|