1. Acker, Joan (1989), “The Problem with Patriarchy”, Sociology 23(2): 235-40.
2. Ashwin, Sarah (2000), Gender State and Society in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia London: Routledge.
3. Basu, Amrita, ed. (1995), The Challenge of Local Feminisms: Women’s Movements: Women’s Movement in Global Perspective, Boulder, Colo: Westview Press.
4. Bridger, Sue (1992), “Young Women &Perestroika”, in Linda Edmondson ed. Women and Society in Russia and the Soviet Union, New York: Cambridge University Press.
5. Browning, Genia K. (1987), Women and Politics in USSR: Consciousness Raising and Soviet Women Groups, Sussex: Wheatsheaf.
6. Buckley, Mary (1981), “Women in Soviet Union” Feminist Review, Palgrave, Vol 8: 79-106
7. Buckley, Mary (1992) ed., Perestroika and Soviet Women, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8. Buckley, Mary (1992), “Glasnost and Women Question”, in Linda Edmondson ed. Women and Society in Russia and the Soviet Union, New York: Cambridge University Press.
9. Carnaghan, Ellen and Donna Bahry (1990), “Political Attitudes and the Gender Gap in the USSR” Comparative Politics, July, 379-399.
10. Charlton, et.al. eds. (1989), Women, State and Development, Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
11. Chenoy, M. Anuradha, (1997), “Soviet and Post-Soviet Perception of Central Asian Women”, in Ranbir Samaddar eds. Women in Asia: Work, Culture and Politics in South and Central Asia, New Delhi: Vikas Publisher.
12. Connell, R. W. (1987), Gender and Power, California: Stanford University Press.
13. Constitution of the USSR Republic (Oct 7, 1977), [Online: web] Accessed 21 May 2009 URL:www.constitution.org/cons/ussr77.txt.
14. Cook, J. Linda, and Nechemias, Carol (2009), “Women in the Russian State Duma”, in Rueschemeyer M. and Wolchik L. S. eds., Women in Power in Post-Communist Parliaments, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
15. Coole, Diana. H. (1988), Women in Political Theory: From Ancient Misogyny to Contemporary Feminism, Sussex: Wheat sheaf Books.
16. Country Gender Profile (1999): A Technical Publication of the USAID office of Women in Development, USAID, Washington DC: Cambridge Consultation Corporation.
17. Documents and Resolutions: The 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency, 1981)
18. Dutta, Geetanjali (2010), “Socio-Economic and Political Status of Women in Russia, 1991-2008”, unpublished, Ph.D Theses, JNU.
19. Engel, A Barbara (1992), “Engendering Russia’s History: Women in post Emancipation Russia and the Soviet Union,” Slavic Review, 51(2).
20. Engels, Frederick (1970[1884]), The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, in K. Marx and F. Engels, Selected Works, Vol. 3, Moscow: Progress Publishers.
21. Ershova, E.B. Pankratova M.G. Dzovonari, S.V. eds (1993). “Women of Russia: Yesterday Today and Tomorrow”. Proceedings of Russian-American Scholars Practical Conference on “Women of Russia – Yesterday Today and Tomorrow”: Moscow.
22. Funk, Nanetle and Magda, Mueller (1993), Gender Politics and Post-Communism: Reflection from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, London: Routledge.
23. Goldfarb, C. Jefferey (1997), “Why there is no Feminism after Communism”, Social Research, 64(2): Summer, 235-267.
24. Gorbachev, Mikhail S. (1987), Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World, New York: Harper and Row.
25. Goskomstat (1998), The Demographic Yearbook of Russia, Moscow: Goskomstat Rossii.
26. Hay, Lister and Marsh (2005), The State Theories and Issues (Political Analysis), Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
27. Hernes, Helga Maria (1987), Welfare State and Women’s Power, Oslo: Norwegian University Press.
28. Human Rights Watch (1995), Women’s Rights Monitor 7 (5): 20-24.
29. Human Rights Watch (1995), “Russia: Neither Jobs Nor Justice. State Discrimination Against Women in Russia”. Women’s Rights Project, March, 7(5).
30. Izvestia, (2000), “Women’s World”, Trans. Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, 52(12):18.
31. Kramarae, Cheris et al. (2000), International Encyclopaedia of Global Women’s Issues and Knowledge, 4 volumes, New York, London: Routledge.
32. Lane, David (1992), Soviet Society under Perestroika, London, New York: Routledge
33. Lapidus, G (1978), Women in the Soviet Society, Berkley: University of California Press.
34. Lapidus, G. Warshofsky (1993), “Gender and Restructuring: The Impact of Perestroika and its Aftermath on Soviet Women” in Valentine Moghdam ed., Democratic Reform and the Position of Women in Transitional Economies, Oxford: Claredon Press.
35. Lapidus, W. Gail (1976), “Political Mobilisation, Participation and Leadership: Women in Soviet Politics,” Comparative Politics, 8(1): October 90-118.
36. Lenin, V. I (1970), Collected Works, Moscow: Progress Publishers.
37. Lerner, G (1986), The Creation of Patriarchy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
38. Mackinnon, Catherine (1989), Towards a Feminist Theory of the State, London: Harvard University Press.
39. Marsh, Rosalind (1998), “Women in Contemporary Russia and the Former Soviet Union” in Rick Wilford and Robert Miller eds., Women, Ethnicity and Nationalism, New York: Routledge.
40. Moghadam, M. Valentine (1996), “Patriarchy and Post-Communism: Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union” A Study prepared for the World Institute for Development Economic Research of UN University, Oxford: Claredon, 326-349.
41. Moghdam Valentine (1993), Democratic Reform and the Position of Women in Transitional Economies, Oxford: Clarendon.
42. Molyneux, Maxine (1994), “The ‘Women Question’ in the Age of Communism’s Collapse” in Mary Evans eds., The Women Question, New. Delhi: Sage Publication.
43. Moses, Joel C. (1976), “Indoctrination as a Female Political Role in the Soviet Union”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 8, No. 4.
44. Nechemias, Carol (1994), “Democratization and Women’s Access to Legislative Seats, The Soviet Case, 1989-1991”, Women and Politics, 14(3): 1-18.
45. Noonan, Norman and Rule, Wilma eds. (1996), Russian Women in Politics and Society, Westport Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
46. *Nezavismayagazeta, (1998), “Democracy Minus Women is Not Democracy”, Trans. Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, 50(10): 16-17.
47. Patnaik, Ajay (2002), “Women and Gender Issues in Russia” in Shashikant Jha and Bhaswati Sarkar, eds., Amidst Turbulence and Hope: Transition in Russia and Eastern Europe, New Delhi: Lancer Books.
48. Pilkington, Hilary (1996), Gender Generation and Identity in Contemporary Russia, London: Routledge.
49. ‘Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women’, Millennium Development Goals, [Online: Web] Accessed 13 June 2005, URL: <http://www.developmentgoals.org/Gender_Equality.htm>
50. Putin, Vladimir (2001), Annual Address to the Federal Assembly. (Online: web) Accessed 30 June 2005 URL: http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/5185.cfm.
51. Raccioppi, Linda and O’Sullivan See, Katherine (2000), “Organising Women Before and After the Fall: Women’s Politics in the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia.” in Bonnie G. Smith ed., Global Feminism, London: Routledge.
52. Racioppi L, and S. See, Katherine O (1995), “Organising Women before and after the Fall: Women’s Politics in the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia”, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 20(4): 818-850.
53. Randall, V (1987), Women and Politics, Basingstoke, London: Macmillan.
54. Randall, V. (1998), “Gender and Power: Women Engage the State” in Vicky Randall and
55. Georgia Waylen eds. Gender Politics and the State, London: Routledge, pp 185-205.
56. Remington, Thomas F. (2001), The Russian Parliament: Institutional Evolution in a Transitional Regime, 1989-1999, New Haven, London: Yale University Press.
57. Rimashevskaia, Natalia (1992), “The New Women Studies” in Buckley Mary, ed., Perestroika and Soviet Women, New York: Cambridge University Press.
58. Ristanovic, N. Vesna (2004), “Post-Communism: Women’s lives in transition”, Feminist Review, 76, Palgrave.
59. Rose, Richard, and Munro, Neil (2002), Elections without Order, Russia’s Challenge to Vladimir Putin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Rule, Wilma and Noonan, C. Norma (1996), Russian Women in Politics and Society, London: Greenwood Press.
61. Sakwa, Richard (1996), Russian Politics and Society, London, New York: Routledge.
62. Salmenniemi, Suvi (2008), Democratisation and Gender in Contemporary Russia, London, New York: Routledge.
63. Saxena, Kiran, eds. (2000), Women and Politics, New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House.
64. Schwartz, S Janet (1979), Women under Socialism: Role Definitions of Soviet Women, Social Forces, 58(1): 67-88.
65. Shvedova, N, Obstacles to Women's Participation in Parliament [Online: Web] Accessed 11 May 2008 URL: http://www.idea.int/publications/wip2/upload/2.%20Obstacles_to_Women's _participation_in_Parliament.pdf
66. Singh,Geeta (1997), “Soviet Women: A study in Role Dilemma under Socialism” unpublished, Phd. Thesis, JNU.
67. Soviet Legislation on Women’s Rights (1978), Collection of Normative Acts, Translated by Vladimir Barnashov, Moscow: Progress Publisher.
68. Sperling, Valerie (1998), “Gender Politics and the State during Russia’s Transition Period”, in Vicky Randall and Georgian Waylen’s, eds. Gender Politics and State, New York: Routledge.
69. Sperling, Valerie (1999), Organizing Women in Contemporary Russia: Engendering Transition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
70. Stokes, Wendy (2005), Women in Contemporary Politics, Cambridge: Polity Press.
71. “The Gender Gap: Working Together to Improve Russia’s Competitiveness”, World Economic Forum, 18.10.2005, (Online: web) Accessed on 10 May 2013, URL: http://www.weforum.org/site/knowledgenavigator.nsf/content_S15469?open&country_id=
72. The Human Rights Watch, (1998), Global Report on Women’s Human Rights, New York: Oxford University Press, 305-333.[Online: Web] Accessed 12 February 2013 URL:http://www.omct.org/files/2004/07/2409/eng_ 2003_08_russia.pdf
73. Tishkov, Valerii (1993), “Women in Russian Politics”, Economic and Political Weekly, 28(51): December pp 2837-2840.
74. Troxel, Tiffany A. (2003), Parliamentary Power in Russia, 1994-2001: President vs Parliament, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
75. UN (1995), Human Development Report.
76. UN (2001), Women 2000: Gender Equality Development and Peace for the 21st Century.
77. UN (2005), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.
78. UNDP (2005), “Gender Equality and Extension of Women Rights in Russia, In the context of UN the Millennium Development Goals”, (Online: web) Accessed 10 May 2013, URL: http://www. undp.ru/Gender_MDG_eng.pdf, 2005
79. Usha, K. B (2005), “Political Empowerment of Women in Soviet Union and Russia: Ideology and Implementation”, International Studies, 42: 141-163.
80. Voronina A Olga (2002), “Socio-cultural Determinants of Development of Gender Theory in Russia and in the West”, Russian Social Science Review, 43(4): 30-47.
81. Voronina, Olga A. (1997), “Soviet Women and Politics on the Brink of Change”, in Barabara J. Nelson and Nazma Chaudhry, eds., Women and Politics World Wide, Delhi: Oxford University.
82. Waters, Elizabeth and Posadaskaya, Anastasia (1995), “Democracy without Women is no Democracy: Women Struggles in Post-Communist Russia”, in Amrita Basu ed., The Challenge of Local Feminism, Women’s Movement in Global Perspectives, Boulder: Westview.
83. Walby, Sylvia (1990), Theorising Patriarchy, Wiley: Blackwell.
84. Waylen, Georgina (1994), “Women and Democratisation: Conceptualising Gender Relations in Transition Politics”, World Politics, 46(3): April, pp 327-354.
85. White, Stephen, Pravda, Alex, and Gitelman, Zvi, eds. (1994), Developments in Russian Politics, London: Macmillan Press.
86. ‘Women in Parliaments 2003’, Release no. 183, [Online: Web] Accessed, 1 March, 2004, URL: http://www.ipu.org/press-e/gen183.htm
87. Zdravomyslova, Olga (1994), “The Position of Women in Post-Soviet Russia” paper presented at the Thirteenth World Congress of Sociology, Bielefeld, Germany.