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FORMATION OF KAYASTHAS AS A CASTE IN INDIA

    1 Author(s):  DR. KAPOOR SINGH

Vol -  4, Issue- 1 ,         Page(s) : 186 - 190  (2013 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/CASIRJ

Abstract

The most striking feature of Indian society is Varnasramadharma the classes or varnas and four stages. The aspect of Aryadharma was not conceived as mere conglomeration of four castes, but it was a social synthesis. The four social corporations theoretically existed throughout the country but they were not watertight compartments. New groups were given place in this scheme by ingenuous explanations. As a result several sub-castes came into existence in the period. The Manu Smriti does not mention Kayasthas. Yajnavalkya probably knew them only as writers and accountants. The ample job opportunity to the educated dvijas in governmental offices as a record keepers and clerks or in the office of the feudal lord provided a new social rank popularly known as Kayastha. By the early medieval period, they were consolidated into a caste.

  1.   T. Watters, On Yuan Chwang’s Travels in India, Vol. I, p. 168.
  2.    Mitakshara commentary on Yajnavalkya.
  3.    Mrecchakatika, Acts II and IX.
  4.    Visnu Smriti, VII. p. 3.
  5.    Epigrapia Indica, XI, pp. 113-45.
  6.    Mudrarakshasa, Act I, p.87.
  7.    Andre Wink, Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol-I, p. 269. 
  8.    R. B. Mandal, Frontiers in Migration Analysis, p. 175.
  9.    Epigrapia Indica, pp. 87-90; I, pp. 330-36.
  10.    Ajaygarh Rock Inscription, VV. 2.
  11.    Epigrapia Indica, I, p. 333, V. 2.
  12.    Kathakos. p. 23 and 25.
  13.   Epigrapia Indica, XII, p. 61.
  14.   Its name is Nyayakandaili.
  15.   Harscharitra, VII, p. 203.
  16.   Mitakshara on Yajnavalkya, I. p.336.
  17.   Narmala (Introduction), ed. By Madhu Sudan Kaul.
  18.   “Gleanings from Udayasundarikatha” Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, XIV, p. 197.
  19.   Epigrapia Indica, XVIII, p. 251.
  20.   Ibid., I, pp. 81, 129, 147.
  21.   Sukraniti, II. p. 172.
  22.   Epigrapia Indica, XII, p. 59.
  23.   Quoted ffrom Gaudalekhmala by Raghuvara Mittulal Sastri in his article “Buddhism and the Kayasthas” in the Maha Bodhi, XL, No. 3, p. 120.
  24.   Stuart Charls, History of Bengal, I, p. 587.
  25.   Ausanasa Smriti, 35, p. 47; Vyasa Smriti, I, p.357.
  26.   Udaysundarikatha, p. 11.
  27.   Rajtarangini, VIII. P. 2382.

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